Fig. 5. Forest plots comparing the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) on triglyceride (A, B), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; C, D), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; (E, F) levels according to the type of IER (A, C, E) and measurement time points (B, D, F). SD, standard deviation; IV, inverse variance; CI, confidence interval; 5:2, periodic fasting with 5 days of non-fasting and 2 days of fasting; Tau2, between-study variance; df, degrees of freedom; I2, I-square heterogeneity statistic; ADF, alternate day fasting; TRE, time-restricted eating.
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