Vitamin D and Obesity

Chan-Hee Jung; Ji-Oh Mok

Article

Korean J Obes 2014; 23(4): 236-241

Published online December 30, 2014

Vitamin D and Obesity

Chan-Hee Jung, Ji-Oh Mok^*

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Go to

Abstract
References

Vitamin D affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a range of nonskeletal diseases such as cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been recognized as pandemic diseases with much health consequences. The ‘cause-effect’ relationship of vitamin D to obesity has been the area of much recent activity. There is consistent association in the published literature between higher body mass index (BMI) and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Although recent studies suggest that low serum vitamin D is the consequence of obesity, the results from randomized controlled trials are still scarce and inconclusive to establish the relationship between vitamin D and obesity. Moreover, the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of obesity is still debatable and there is little evidence for a direct effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. Therefore, randomized large-scale double-blind controlled trials are needed in the future to clearly establish the effects of vitamin D in obesity.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Obesity

References

Go to

Abstract
References

C?ndido FG, Bressan J. Vitamin D: link between osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2014;15:6569-91.
Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG, et al. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:72-7.
Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd MJ, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer 2011;128:1414-24.
Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2813-8.
Zittermann A. Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence? Br J Nutr 2003;89:552-72.
Bell NH, Epstein S, Greene A, Shary J, Oexmann MJ, Shaw S. Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. J Clin Invest 1985;76:370-3.
Liel Y, Ulmer E, Shary J, Hollis BW, Bell NH. Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 1988;43:199-201.
Parikh SJ, Edelman M, Uwaifo GI, Freedman RJ, Semega-Janneh M, Reynolds J, et al. The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1196-9.
Kamycheva E, Joakimsen RM, Jorde R. Intakes of calcium and vitamin D predict body mass index in the population of Northern Norway. J Nutr 2003;133:102-6.
Blumberg JM, Tzameli I, Astapova I, Lam FS, Flier JS, Hollenberg AN. Complex role of the vitamin D receptor and its ligand in adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Biol Chem 2006;281:11205-13.
Arunabh S, Pollack S, Yeh J, Aloia JF. Body fat content and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:157-61.
Snijder MB, van Dam RM, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Dekker JM, Bouter LM, et al. Adiposity in relation to vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels: a population-based study in older men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4119-23.
Hypp?nen E, Power C. Vitamin D status and glucose homeostasis in the 1958 British birth cohort: the role of obesity. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2244-6.
Jorde R, Sneve M, Emaus N, Figenschau Y, Grimnes G. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and body mass index: the Tromsø study. Eur J Nutr 2010;49:401-7.
Vimaleswaran KS, Berry DJ, Lu C, Tikkanen E, Pilz S, Hiraki LT, et al. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status:Bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001383.
Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:690-3.
Blum M, Dolnikowski G, Seyoum E, Harris SS, Booth SL, Peterson J, et al. Vitamin D(3) in fat tissue. Endocrine 2008;33:90-4.
Lin E, Armstrong-Moore D, Liang Z, Sweeney JF, Torres WE, Ziegler TR, et al. Contribution of adipose tissue to plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations during weight loss following gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:588-94.
Rosenstreich SJ, Rich C, Volwiler W. Deposition in and release of vitamin D3 from body fat: Evidence for a storage site in the rat. J Clin Invest 1971;50:679-87.
Li J, Byrne ME, Chang E, Jiang Y, Donkin SS, Buhman KK, et al. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D hydroxylase in adipocytes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008;112:122-6.
Wamberg L, Christiansen T, Paulsen SK, Fisker S, Rask P, Rejnmark L, et al. Expression of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in human adipose tissue -- the effect of obesity and diet-induced weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013;37:651-7.
Targher G, Bertolini L, Scala L, Cigolini M, Zenari L, Falezza G, et al. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:517-24.
Earthman CP, Beckman LM, Masodkar K, Sibley SD. The link between obesity and low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations:considerations and implications. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012;36:387-96.
Rock CL, Emond JA, Flatt SW, Heath DD, Karanja N, Pakiz B, et al. Weight loss is associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight or obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012;20:2296-301. 25 Mai XM, Chen Y, Camargo CA Jr, Langhammer A. Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and obesity in adults: the HUNT study. Am J Epidemiol 2012;175:1029-36.
McGill AT, Stewart JM, Lithander FE, Strik CM, Poppitt SD. Relationships of low serum vitamin D3 with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity. Nutr J 2008;7:4.
Ortega RM, L?pez-Sobaler AM, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Rodr?guez-Rodr?guez E, Perea JM, et al. Vitamin D status modification by two slightly hypocaloric diets in young overweight/obese women. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2009;79:71-8.
Shahar DR, Schwarzfuchs D, Fraser D, Vardi H, Thiery J, Fiedler GM, et al. Dairy calcium intake, serum vitamin D, successful weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1017-22.
Forouhi NG, Luan J, Cooper A, Boucher BJ, Wareham NJ. Baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin d is predictive of future glycemic status and insulin resistance: the Medical Research Council Ely Prospective Study 1990-2000. Diabetes 2008;57:2619-25.
Zhu W, Cai D, Wang Y, Lin N, Hu Q, Qi Y, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2013;12:8.
Rosenblum JL, Castro VM, Moore CE, Kaplan LM. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased abdominal visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:101-8.
Zhou J, Zhao LJ, Watson P, Zhang Q, Lappe JM. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on obesity in postmenopausal women: secondary analysis for a large-scale, placebo controlled, double-blind, 4-year longitudinal clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010;7:62.
Salehpour A, Hosseinpanah F, Shidfar F, Vafa M, Razaghi M, Dehghani S, et al. A 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women. Nutr J 2012;11:78.
Sneve M, Figenschau Y, Jorde R. Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not result in weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;159:675-84.
Zittermann A, Frisch S, Berthold HK, G?tting C, Kuhn J, Kleesiek K, et al. Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1321-7.
Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:469.
Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, Dirienzo D, Zemel PC. Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J 2000;14:1132-8.
Soares MJ, She-Ping-Delfos WL. Postprandial energy metabolism in the regulation of body weight: is there a mechanistic role for dietary calcium? Nutrients 2010;2:586-98.
Soares MJ, Murhadi LL, Kurpad AV, Chan She Ping-Delfos WL, Piers LS. Mechanistic roles for calcium and vitamin D in the regulation of body weight. Obes Rev 2012;13:592-605.
Boon N, Hul GB, Stegen JH, Sluijsmans WE, Valle C, Langin D, et al. An intervention study of the effects of calcium intake on faecal fat excretion, energy metabolism and adipose tissue mRNA expression of lipid-metabolism related proteins. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31:1704-12.
McCarty MF, Thomas CA. PTH excess may promote weight gain by impeding catecholamine-induced lipolysis-implications for the impact of calcium, vitamin D, alcohol on body weight. Med Hypotheses 2003;61:535-42.