The Effect of Body Fat Percentage, Self Body Image, and Stress of Exercise on Exercise Participation in Obese Children

Young-Sun Hong; Chang-Sun KIM

Article

Korean J Obes 2012; 21(4): 203-212

Published online December 30, 2012

The Effect of Body Fat Percentage, Self Body Image, and Stress of Exercise on Exercise Participation in Obese Children

Young-Sun Hong, Chang-Sun KIM^(1)*

Seoul Sam-Joen Elementary School, Department of Physical Education, Dongduk Women's University

Received: August 10, 2012; Reviewed : September 18, 2012; Accepted: September 29, 2012

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Go to

Abstract
Figure
Table
References

Background: The aim of this study was to provide basic information on participation and adherence of exercise between obese children and normal-weight children by comparing their level of stress towards exercising.
Methods: The subjects involved elementary school students of 4th and 6th grades (normal weight: 287, obese: 205). The Body Fat Percentage (BFP) was measured for diagnosing obesity. The level of participation in physical activity, the self body image, and stress of exercising were evaluated by
questionnaires. Significance was verified at P < 0.05.
Results: There were significant differences in exercise intensity, favorite sport, level of subjective physical fitness between obese children and normal weight children. Obese children showed greater stress towards obesity, hot and strenuous exercise, and fear of failure. The perceived stress from peer criticism and fear of failure were greater than the stress from obesity. Participation in physical activity was negatively correlated with stress of exercising. According to the
multiple regression analysis, the stress among obese children towards hot and strenuous exercise affected the frequency and intensity of exercise. The stress from fear of failure and low exercise capacity influenced their preference of sport.
Conclusion: Obese children need help to lower their perception of stress towards hot and strenuous exercise and fear of failure. It is important to teach them to embrace stress of low exercise capacity positively in order to enhance exercise participation.

Keywords: Obese children, Body fat percentage, Self body Image, Exercise participation, Stress of exercising

Figures

Go to

Abstract
Figure
Table
References

Fig. 1. Silhouette-Matching Task (Marsh & Roche, 1996).

Tables

Go to

Abstract
Figure
Table
References

Comparison of physical characteristics according to body fat percentage (mean ± sd)

Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis of exercising stress

The result of frequency and χ2 test on the exercise participation

The result of descriptive and independent sample t-test on exercising stress

The result of correlation coefficient of self body image and stress of exercising

The result of multiple regression analysis on exercise participation of obese children

References

Go to

Abstract
Figure
Table
References

Hassik SG, Zapalla F, Faline L & Datto G. Exercise and the obese child. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 2008;25:153-7.
Trost SG, Kerr LM, Ward DS & Pate RR. Physical activity and determinants of physical activity in obese and non-obese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:822-9.
Gutin B, Riggs S, Ferguson M, Owens S. Description and process evaluation of a physical training program for obese children. Res Q Exerc Sport 1999;70:65-9.
ACSM. ACSM's Guidlines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 4th ed. Pennsylvania: Lea & Febiger Co;2008.
Choe JS. Study of Factors Effecting Continuous Participation in Sports Activity Among Obese Children's(Master's Thesis). Ewha Woman Univ.;2008.
Kim KH. Relationship between Temperament and Emotion Regulation with Negative Emotion. The Journal of Korean Association of Child Studies 2004;25:355-70.
Hong SW, Lim MT. The Causes of Obesity and Difficulties Caused by Obesity in Elementary Students. The Korean Journal of Elementary Physical Education 2009;15:61-74.
Elkind D. The Hurried child. New York: Management & Music Publish; 1983.
Silverman S & Subramaniam PR. Student attitude toward physical education and physical activity: A review of measurement issues and outcome. JTPE 2000;19:97-125.
Lyu MJ, Pyo JH, Pyo NS, Kim JS. The Analysis of Students` Stress in the Physical Education class in Elementary School. The Korean Journal of Physical Education 2005;44:183-92.
Li W, Rukavina P. A review on coping mechanisms against obesity bias in physical activity/education settings. Obes Rev 2009;10:87-95.
Nam IS. The Effect of Teacher's Teaching Behavior on Situational Motivation and Lesson Satisfaction of Elementary Physical Education. The Korean Journal of Elementary Physical Education 2010;16:119-29.
Hwang IC, Kim KK, Suh DH, Lee KR. The Cut Off Value of Body Fat Percentage for Diagnosing Obesity Among Selected Number of Elementary School Students in Seoul. Korean J Obes 2008;17:169-74.
Marsh HW, Roche LA. Predicting self-esteem from perceptions of actual and ideal rationgs of body fatness: is there only ideal "supermodel"? Res Q Excerc Sport 1996;67:13-23.
Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective stress. Psychosom Med 1979;41:209-18.
Kim GS. AMOS Structural equation modeling Analysis. Seoul: Han Na Rae Academy; 2007.
Kim JE, Moon YJ. The Effects of Character Type and Exercise Experiences on Competitive State Anxiety Change after Exercise Stress Load. Journal of Sport and Leasure Studies 2001;15:513-23.
Haimovitz D, Lansky LM, O'Reilly P. Fluctuations in body satisfaction across situations. Int J Eat Disord 1993;13:77-84.
Brown TA, Cash TF, Lewis RJ. Body-image disturbance in adolescent female binge-purgers: A brief report of the results of a national survey in the USA. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1989;30:605-13.
Nelson TD, Jensen CD, Steele RG. Weight-related criticism and self-perceptions among preadolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2011;36:106-15.
Faith MS, Mary AL, Ayers TS, Heo MS &Pietrobelli A. Weight criticism during physical activity, coping skills, reported physical activity in children. Pediatrics 2002;110:23.
Jensen CD, Steele RG. Body dissatisfaction, weight criticism, self-reported physical activity in preadolescent children. J pediatr psychol 2009;34:822-6.
Bandura A, Adams NE. Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioral change. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1977;1:287-310.
Hassmen P, Blomstrand E. Mood State relationships and soccer team performance. TSP 1995;9:297-308.
Choi MR. Change in Mood and Emotion According to Achievement Goal Orientation in a Lost Situation. The Korean Journal of Physical Education 2011;50:105-14.
Jeong US, Lee HS, & Park EI. Comfort and a pleasant temperature and the amount of adhesion of Obese children and Normal weight children. Korea Life Science community 2003 16th Conference Proceedings 2003;11:111-3.
Kim KJ. The effect of environmental temperature on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, antioxidant during continuous exercise in obese. Exercise Science 2004;13:399-412.
Sheslow D, Hassink S, Wallsce W, DeLancey E. The relationship between self-esteem and depression in obese children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;699:289-91.
Park DK, Kang EH. A Comparative Study on the Attitudes Toward Physical Education as Related to a Degree of Obesity in Elementary Students. JKSSPE 1996;1:109-24.
Kim IS. The Influence of Amount of Physical Activity and Exercise Participation Factors of Elementary School Children on Their Happiness. The Korean Journal of Elementary Physical Education 2011;17:113-23.
Williams DM, Dunsiger S, Ciccolo JT, Lewis BA, Albercht AE, Marcus BH. Acute affective response to a moderate-intensity exercise stimulus predicts physical activity participation 6 and 12 month later. Psychol Sport Exerc 2008;9:231-45.
Kim YH, Kang SB. Exploring Stress Sources in Physical Education Setting; A Students Perspective. The Korean Journal of Physcal Education 2000;39:583-94.
Choi HL, Kwak EJ. The Study on the Stress from Obesity and the Self-esteem of Children according to Whether Taking Part in the Exercise. Journal of Sport and Leasure Studies 2011;46:821-30.
Garc?a Bengoechea E, Sabiston CM, Ahmed R, Farnoush M. Exploring Links to Unorganized and Organized Physical Activity During Adolescence: The Role of Gender, Socioeconomic Status, Weight Status, Enjoyment of Physical Education. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010;81:7-16.
Sonstroem RJ. Exercise and self-esteem: In Terjung. R. L.(Eds). Exercise and Sport Science Review. Lexington, MA: Collamore Press; 1984.
Dishman RK. The influence of response Distortion in Assessing Self-perceptions of Physical ability and attitude toward physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 1980;51:286-98.