Food Intake and Gut Hormones

Young Hye Cho; Sang Yeoup Lee

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Korean J Obes 2013; 22(4): 197-204

Published online December 31, 2013

Food Intake and Gut Hormones

Young Hye Cho, Sang Yeoup Lee^(1)*

Medical Education Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine; Family Medicine Clinic; and
Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital⁽¹⁾

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Abstract
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Peptide hormones, which regulate appetite, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, are released from the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrients and they communicate information to the brain regarding the current state of energy balance. They can act on target peripheral tissues through circulation by either activating the vagus nerve or by activating the hypothalamus and brainstem so that are implicated in energy homeostasis. An overview of the main gut hormones implicated in the regulation of food intake and how some of these hormones are being targeted to develop anti obesity treatments are discussed in this review.

Keywords: Gut hormone, Peptide YY, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Glucagon, Ghrelin, Obesity

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Fig. 1.

A schematic representation of the complex pathways involved in the regulation of food intake.

SNS, sympathetic nerve system; NTS, nucleus of the tractus solitarius; CCK, cholecystokinin; NPY, neuropeptide Y; AGRP, Agouti-related peptide; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; CART, cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone; MCH, melanin-concentrating hormone; PYY, peptide YY.

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